薄膜扩散梯度技术在重金属生物有效态监测中的应用

摘要

Bioavailability of heavy metals is a key parameter to measure the mobility,biological availability and ecological impact of heavy metal elements. Diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) is an in situ passive sampling technique,which has been widely used in the assessment of bioavailability and mobility of heavy metals in environmental media. It has the advantages of morphology selectivity,being suitable for in situ enrichment of trace systems and providing the average concentration of the monitored substances during the monitoring period. It also can be used as a simulated substitute for heavy metals absorbed by organisms to predict the bioavailability of heavy metals in environmental media.This paper introduces the working principle,device composition and characteristics of the DGT technology,and reviews the new progress of bioavailability of heavy metals in water,soil and sediment. It is proposed that DGT technology should improve anti-biofouling capabilities and look for related technologies that can be used in conjunction with DGT technology in the future.%重金属生物有效性是评估重金属元素迁移性、生物可利用性和生态影响的关键参数.薄膜扩散梯度技术(DGT)是一种原位被动采样技术,因其具有原位富集性、形态选择性,可提供被监测物质在监测时间段内的平均浓度等优点,可作为生物对重金属摄取的模拟替代物对环境介质中重金属的生物可利用度进行预测,已被广泛应用于环境介质中重金属生物有效性的测定.研究主要介绍了DGT 技术的原理、组成和特点,评述了其近年来在水体、土壤、沉积物中重金属生物有效态应用方面的新进展,提出了DGT 技术未来要提高抗生物污染能力及寻找可与DGT 技术联用的相关技术的观点.