贵州雷公山保护区外来入侵植物分布格局

摘要

It was found that there were 33 species of invasive plants with 18 Family and 31 Genus in Leigong Mountain National Nature Reserve through field investigation and literature review. The majority species was compositae with 7 species. Invasion grade were dominated by low grade,living form were mainly perennial herb,origin were mainly not clear,invasive type of the accidentally transmission were dominated. There were invasive plants distributed in different functional areas,but the difference was not obvious,there were 15 species,14 species and 13 species of invasive plants in experimental area,buffer area and core area,respectively. The difference was obvious in different vegetation type of wasteland,shrub forest,arbor forest,the species number were 20,14 and 10. Hazard coefficient based on important value and risk rating of invasive plants,Hazard coefficient of Bidens pilosa(73.71),Galinsoga parviflora(55.76),Trifolium repens(51.17) were high,but Leigong Mountain National Nature Reserve was not massively invaded by them.%通过实地调查与查阅资料相结合,发现雷公山国家级自然保护区共有33 种外来入侵植物,隶属18 科31 属,以菊科(7 种) 最多.入侵等级以低等级为主,入侵生活型主要是多年生草本,原产地以尚不明确为主,引入途径以无意传播占绝对优势.外来入侵植物在雷公山国家级自然保护区不同功能区都有分布,但差异不明显,实验区有15 种、缓冲区有14 种、核心区有13 种.在不同的植被类型(草坡、灌木林、乔木林) 中分布差异明显,分别为20、14、10 种.根据重要值和外来入侵植物危害等级计算得出危害系数,鬼针草Bidens pilosa (73. 71) 、牛膝菊Galinsoga parviflora(55. 76) 、白车轴草Trifolium repens(51. 17) 较高,但目前,以上3 种外来入侵植物在该保护区处于可控阶段,没有发生大规模的入侵.