运用聚类分析和主成分分析方法对洪湖湿地12个采样点的理化特性进行分析.聚类分析表明,根据各采样点水质组分的相似性将洪湖大致分为3个空间区域,各空间区域正好分属于核心区、实验区、河口区,各区域间特征差异显著.对各区域水质的主成分分析表明,洪湖不同空间区域水质信息差异很大.第1组核心区主要体现富营养化信息；第2组实验区主要体现总氮、氧化还原电位、浊度信息；第3组河口区主要体现溶解氧及亚硝酸盐氮等污染物信息.揭示了洪湖水质现状及其成因,为洪湖水资源合理利用及生态保护提供基础数据.同时,运用地统计学方法为生态环境研究提供新的思路与方法.%Cluster analysis and principal component analysis were used to analyze the physical and chemical characteristics of water samples collected from 12 sampling sites in Honghu Lake. The result of cluster analysis showed the Honghu Lake could be divided into three spatial regions, core area, experimental area, estuary, respectively, which characteristics were different significantly. The principle component analysis on each region showed that the main information of water quality was different from each other. In the core area, the main information of lake water quality was eutrophication; in the experimental area, the main information of water quality was total nitrogen, ORP, turbidity; in the estuary, the main information of water quality was dissolved oxygen, nitrite nitrogen. The paper revealed that the actuality and forming of water quality of Honghu Lake,providing the basic data for rational utilization of water resources and ecological planning. Meanwhile, a new thought and method was provided for ecological environment research using the method of geo-statistics.
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