中国生态监测存在问题及发展趋势

摘要

Based on ecological theory, this paper discussed the scientific connotation, object and purpose of ecological monitoring. The object of ecological monitoring is ecological system. The goal of ecological monitoring is to recognize the Status and Evolution of the ecosystem, and provide a scientific support for the management and decision-making. We analyzed the problems of ecological monitoring including:Lack of unified management, interdepartmental task is repeated;Have no complete technical standards, and it ’ s difficult in information integration and utilization; National ecological monitoring network construction progress is too slow; Lack of Environment monitoring legal support; Ecological monitoring capability need to improve. Finally, from the practical needs of the country, as well as the laws of history, ecological monitoring technology development, we discussed the future development trend of ecological monitoring in China.%在生态学的基本理论基础上，探讨了生态监测的科学内涵，明确了生态监测对象就是生态系统，目标是认识反映生态系统的状态和演变趋势，为管理和决策提供科学依据。深入分析了中国生态监测存在的5个问题：生态监测缺乏统一管理，部门间任务存在交叉和重复；生态监测技术不够规范，信息整合与利用困难；生态监测网络松散，国家级生态监测网络建立缓慢；环境监测法律依据不足，法制保障力度亟待加强；生态监测能力水平普遍较低，亟待建设。最后，从国家现实需求、生态监测现状以及监测技术发展的历史规律，探讨了未来中国生态监测的总体发展趋势。