基于区位商的我国流域水质污染空间差异及影响因素研究

摘要

The spatial integration of water pollution among 10 major river basins in China is significant. This paper used the location quotient theory and method of regional economics to analyze the differences of river pollution in 10 river basins. The main results include that, dilution⁃ratio in Haihe river, Huaihe river, Yellow river and Liaohe river during 2002—2012 were greater than 0�04,and the quotient of dilution⁃ratio in these river basins were higher than 2�6 in 2012,which have been increasing in last 11years. These results demonstrated that,the river pollution in these four river basins present agglomerating situation,and the regional differences has been getting more intense. We analyzed the influencing factors of water pollution in these four basins, including factors of water resources,pollution emission,economic and social development. The main conclusions contained that,the heavy pollution load of unit water resources quantity was the immediate cause of river pollution,and the water shortage,economic development and population agglomeration made the water resource carrying capacity beyond the load. Besides, the factors of increasing domestic pollution,agglomeration effect of heavy pollution industry,and non⁃point source pollution were all putting huge pressure on the water quality improvement,so that strengthen comprehensive emission reduction measures were needed to be done in these four river basins.%我国十大流域河流污染的空间分布集聚性较为显著，运用区域经济学中的区位商理论和方法来分析十大流域水污染状况的差异性，结果表明，海河、淮河、黄河和辽河的污径比在2002—2012年均大于0�04，2012年污径比的区位商均达2�6以上，并在11年间整体呈升高态势，表明全国河流污染在这4个流域呈现集聚现象，十大流域水质污染的空间差异性不断加深。从水资源量、污染排放、经济社会发展的角度分析海河、淮河、黄河和辽河污染较重的原因，其中单位水资源污染物负荷较重是直接原因，水资源短缺、经济发展和人口集聚导致水资源承载力不堪重负，而生活污染愈加严重、重污染行业集聚效应以及面源污染加剧都给水质改善带来巨大压力，亟需在这些流域加大综合减排力度。