储能技术在交通领域的应用与发展趋势

摘要

With the development of renewable energy,smart grid,distributed generation technologies, electric vehicles (EVs) have been widely regarded as a key energy storage infrastructure in the future power grid system. The high cost of electric energy storage is currently an outstanding barrier for their applications. Through a V2G configuration,EV batteries could offer a cost-efficient way of shaving the grid’s peak load, regulating power frequency and smoothing renewables’ generation. The large potential benefits of EV storage could in turn reduce the cost of EV application in transport sector and accelerate the electrification of road transport. This paper analyzes current EV storage technologies,infrastructure establishment and businesses models,and estimate the EV storage potentials and associated policy instruments.%　　纵观当前全球电力系统发展规划，智能电网、可再生能源和分布式发电、微电网以及电动汽车都列入了各国电力系统发展的重点方向，而储能技术正是实现上述领域发展必不可少的技术支撑。目前，储能技术较高的成本阻碍了其在电力系统中的应用。若将电动汽车动力电池作为电力系统的储能元件，便可使其作为传统交通工具的同时，充当电力系统的一种潜在的备用电源。通过电动汽车 V2G 模式和动力电池的梯次使用，将帮助电网调峰调频，促进电动汽车动力电池的产业化和多种应用，降低电动汽车的生产和使用成本，最终实现交通能源消费的电力化。本文在对电动汽车储能相关技术、基础设施建设及与之匹配的商业模式进行梳理和分析的基础上，展望电动汽车储能的发展潜力并提出相应的政策建议。