汽车行业温室气体排放管理政策国际经验及对我国的启示

摘要

汽车行业是我国温室气体减排的重要部门，但目前汽车行业的温室气体排放标准管理体系仍处于缺失状态。本文基于广泛调研，总结归纳了美国和欧盟控制汽车行业温室气体排放的管理政策。美国汽车行业制订了企业平均燃油经济性（CAFE）标准和加州零排放车辆政策（Z E V），欧盟针对新出厂的轿车和轻型商用车等小型汽车均制定了严格的温室气体排放标准，并配套惩罚和奖励政策。本文借鉴国际经验并结合我国的实际情况，提出了我国汽车行业温室气体控排的政策建议。建议制定乘用车二氧化碳排放限值标准，制定企业层面的二氧化碳排放标准，建立汽车行业统一的交易制度。%The automobile industry plays an important role in greenhouse gases (GHGs) reduction. However, the GHGs emission reduction regulatory policy has not established yet. On the basis of extensive investigation, this paper first summarizes the regulatory policies of the automobile industry in USA and EU. The American automobile industry promoted the Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards and the California Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) policy. In EU, the government has released stringent GHGs emission standards as well as punishments and incentives for light vehicles (both passenger cars and light commercial vehicles). Based on the existing foreign practices, the policy suggestions for GHGs emission reduction of the Chinese automobile industry are proposed. First, make CO2 emission standards for passenger cars. Second, enact CO2 emission standards for car producers. Third, establish uniform transaction system for the automobile industry.