Spare parts optimization plays an important role in ensuring high mission reliability of the naval ship's weapons and equipment systems. In order to balance contradiction between maximization of reliability and minimization of costs in the spare parts supply, two spare parts optimization models with constant reliability and constant cost for the non-repairable system were considered respectively. To solve the two optimization models, heuristic algorithms with improved and simplified search function are given. After that, on the basis of cost effectiveness analysis method, the ratio of reliability and cost was set to be objective function to build a new spare parts optimization model, and then its corresponding algorithm was produced. Finally, the proposed method was proved to be effective and practicable by numerical example. This new model can help equipment support personnel making decision, and due to its good scalability, it can be extended to solve repairable spares problem.%舰船备件优化是保证舰船系统各装备高任务可靠性的一个重要手段。为了权衡备件供应保障中的经费与备件需求的矛盾，针对不可修复系统，建立了定可靠度备件优化和定费用备件优化的两个模型，并对启发式算法中的搜索方向函数进行了改进和化简，给出了解此两个优化模型的启发式算法。结合上述两个优化模型和费效分析准则，提出了费效分析备件优化模型，并给出了有效算法。结合舰船备件的案例，验证了方法的有效性及实用性。此模型可为舰船装备保障人员制定保障方案提供辅助决策。此模型具有较好的可扩展性，修改此模型可解决可修复系统的备件优化问题。
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