不锈钢侧墙焊接有限元分析及变形控制

摘要

In the track of metro vehicle manufacturing process,stainless steel body side wall beam adopting column structure has the characteristics of large size,welding parts,how to predict and control the welding deformation,to ensure that the design size is an urgent research topic in rail vehicle manufacturing plant.Firstly,the long-term tracking of a side wall unit after welding flatness were found,the welding deformation of the side wall of the unit;secondly,the establishment of a local finite element model,the simulation of welding deformation using the finite element software,analyze the reason of side wall unit deformation trend,and puts forward the applied reverse before welding two kinds of beam deformation and increase the process control measures;finally the feasibility of this method is proved,the control unit of the factory wall stainless steel side welding deformation has important significance.%在轨道地铁车辆生产制造过程中,采用梁柱结构的不锈钢车体侧墙具有尺寸较大、焊接部位多等特点,如何预测和控制焊接变形,保证设计尺寸是轨道车辆制造工厂中迫切需要解决的课题.对侧墙单元焊后平面度情况进行长期跟踪测量,发现侧墙单元焊接变形规律;建立局部、整体有限元模型,使用有限元仿真软件对焊接变形进行仿真模拟,分析侧墙单元变形趋势原因,并提出施加焊前反变形和增加工艺横梁两种控制措施;验证该控制方法的可行性,对工厂控制不锈钢侧墙单元焊接变形具有重要意义.