考虑降损和平抑峰谷的配电网储能电池Pareto优化模型

摘要

为发挥储能电池在配电网运行中降损及平抑峰谷的作用，建立了一种考虑降损和平抑峰谷的配电网储能电池Pareto多目标优化模型。该模型以配电系统中有功损耗最小和1天中各时段负荷方差最小为目标函数，以储能电池的充放电功率为控制变量，以罚函数的形式处理电池容量约束和静态安全约束。依据日负荷曲线获取储能电池最佳充放电时段，结合前推回代潮流计算方法和带精英策略的快速非支配排序遗传算法( non￣dominated sorting genetic algorithm II，NSGA￣II)对多目标模型进行求解。基于最大满意度，在Pareto解集中分别分析了网损最小、削峰填谷效果最优和网损与削峰填谷折中最优3种优化方案，以获取不同的储能电池运行优化方案。最后，以IEEE33配电网系统为例，验证了所提方法的实用性和有效性，并分析了不同决策策略下运行方案的优劣，为配电网经济运行提供决策参考。%To make better use of energy storage battery’s role in reducing network loss and alleviating peak￣valley difference, a Pareto multi￣objective optimization model was proposed for energy storage battery in distribution network with considering network loss reduction and peak￣valley difference alleviation, which took the minimum network power loss in distribution system and the minimum variance between load of every period and the average value as objective functions, the charge/discharge power of storage battery as control variables, and transformed the constraints on battery capacity and static security into penalty function. According to daily load curve, the optimal charge and discharge periods of energy storage battery were obtained. Combined with forward￣backward sweep calculation method, fast non￣dominated sorting genetic algorithm II ( NSGA￣II) with elitist strategy was adopted to solve the multi￣objective model. Based on satisfaction￣maximizing method, this paper analyzed three optimization schemes in Pareto solution set: the minimum network loss, the best load shifting effect and the compromise solution between two objectives, in order to obtain different optimization schemes of energy storage battery. Finally, taking IEEE33 distribution system as example, this paper proved the validity and feasibility of the proposed method, and analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of operation schemes under different decision strategies, which could provide decision￣making reference for the economic operation decision of distribution networks.