基于参数可变PID控制器的永磁无刷直流电机转速控制系统

摘要

永磁无刷直流电机(BLDCM)是一种具有多变量、非线性、时变等特性的电机.但采用常规的PID控制,难以达到现代工业控制高精度和高性能的要求.在分析BLDCM转速控制系统动态数学模型的基础上,结合遗传算法能搜索到全局最优值的特点,提出一种参数可变的PI控制器来对BLDCM的转速进行控制.软件仿真与样机试验的结果都表明,经遗传优化所得的PID控制器具有更好的控制性能,具有无超调、响应快、鲁棒性强等特点,从而实现了转速的精确控制.%As permanent magnet brushless DC motor (BLDCM) is a motor of multivariable,nonlinearity and time-varying,The conventional PID control is difficult to achieve the high precision and high performance requirements on modern industrial control.Based on the analysis of dynamic mathematical model of speed control system for BLDCM,combined with genetic algorithm to search the global optimal value,the BLDCM speed control of variable parameter PI controller was proposed.The results of software simulation and prototype test showed that the PID controller of GA optimization haed better control performance,with no overshoot,fast response,strong robustness and so on,so as to achieve the precise control of the speed.