Using a dataset covering Chinese provinces from 2000 through 2011, this paper shows that the distributions of floating population have different impacts on local educational spending at different educational levels. At the levels of compulsory and high-school education, provinces importing migrant workers use the residential registration system, or hukou, to keep migrant children out from their public schools, with three results. The size of (1) students at primary and middle schools, measured as proportion of the total population, and (2) the size of local fiscal expenditures on primary and middle schools, measured as proportions of GDP, are significantly smaller in migrant-importing provinces (MIP) than in migrant-exporting provinces (MEP), while (3) per student budgetary spending is significantly larger in MIPs than MEPs. At the level of higher education, a very different picture emerges. These findings indicate that without a through reform of the hukou system, China's public education will remain as anything but a fair world.%本文使用2000-2011年的跨省数据,证明流动人口分布与地方教育人口、教育财政投入和生均教育财政投入之间的关系,因教育阶段不同而不同.在义务教育和高中教育阶段,因流动人口输入地政府利用户籍拒斥流动人口子女,导致这些地区的中小学生规模(按占人口比重测量)及其财政投入(按占GDP比重测量)显著低于流动人口输出地区,而其生均财政投入水平则远远大于后者.在高等教育阶段,则因流动人口输入地政府没有动机、而且也不可能利用户籍制度拒斥非本地户籍生源,其大学在校生规模和财政投入规模不显著高于流动人口输出地区,生均财政投入水平也不显著高于后者.这些发现表明,不彻底改革户籍制度,包括"两为主"在内的教育公平政策将无功而返.
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