Marx's relative surplus is accompanied by the organic component of the capitalist society capital accumulation and capital have increased the population theory,has important theoretical guiding significance to the study of our country's current unemployed problem. The labor supply is greater than demand,adjustment of industrial structure,the progress of science and technology and the widespread application,the quality of the labor force and the demand of the market are the reasons of the unemployment problem in China's current. Its countermeasures mainly,to maintain stable economic growth,increase social wealth;play a demographic advantage,vigorously develop the tertiary industry;speed up technological innovation,promote the social division of labor;implementation of enlarging employment strategy, efforts to achieve full employment;reform the education system,improve the employability of workers.% 马克思的相对过剩人口理论是伴随着资本主义社会资本积累和资本有机构成提高而产生的，对研究我国当前的失业问题具有重要的理论指导意义。劳动力总供给大于总需求、产业结构调整、科学技术进步与广泛应用、劳动力素质与市场需求脱节等是我国当前失业问题产生的原因。其解决对策主要有，保持经济稳定增长，增加社会财富；发挥人口优势，大力发展第三产业；加快科技创新，推进社会分工；实施扩大就业战略，努力实现充分就业；改革教育制度，提高劳动者就业能力等。
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