人工快速渗滤法处理小城镇污水的模拟试验研究

摘要

The sewage water from small towns is not only major sources of pollution for the water resources, but also can be reused as an important part of water resources. How to treat the sewage of small towns with high efficiency and low costs is the urgent need for agricultural ecological safety and water-saving engineering. This study employed an artificial rapid infiltration method for wastewater treatment of small towns. Crossover test was conducted using three packing ratios of medium (as soil/sand ratios (1:1,2:1 and 3 : 1)) and three different running circles (3 days of flooding with 9 days of drying, one day of flooding with 3 days of drying, and half a day of flooding with 1.5 days of drying) to periodically determine the removal rates of COD, total phosphorus,total Kjeldahl nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen of treated sewage. Results showed that the COD and total phosphorus removal effects were satisfying, with the highest removing rates of 73.l9％ and 54.86％ respectively. COD removal was affected by the running cycles, and higher removing rates were reached under longer running cycles. Total phosphorus removing was less affected by running cycles. The removal efficiency of TKN and ammonium nitrogen is low, and the highest removal rates were between 46.67％ and 40.67％, which were obtained under conditions of long running cycles.%小城镇污水既是水资源的主要污染源,同时也是可利用水资源的重要组成部分,高效率、低成本的小城镇污水处理技术是农业生态安全和工程节水的急需.研究采用人工快速渗滤方法处理小城镇污水,在湿干比一定(湿干比1:3)的条件下设3种填料比[V(土):V(砂)=1:1、2:1和3:1)和3种不同水力负荷周期[短周期(0.5d进水,1.5 d落干)、中周期(1 d进水,3 d落干)和长周期(3 d进水,9 d落干)]进行交叉试验.跟踪测定处理后水中COD、总磷、凯氏氮和铵氮的去除率.结果表明,系统的COD和总磷去除效果较好,最高去除率分别达到73.19%和54.86%.COD的去除受水力负荷周期影响较大,在长水力负荷周期条件下去除效率高,总磷的去除受水力负荷周期的影响小.系统对凯氏氮和铵氮的去除效率偏低,两者的最高去除率分别为46.67%和40.67%,均在长周期条件下取得.