抗生素作为防治细菌性疾病的药物和生长促进剂被大量应用于水产养殖业中，然而抗生素在养殖环境中的残留可能会诱导耐药性细菌的产生、对非靶生物产生毒害和对水产品消费者造成健康威胁等.近年来，国内外关于抗生素污染特征的研究主要集中在河流、河口湾和污水处理厂等水环境中，而对水产养殖区抗生素污染的研究较少.利用固相萃取、高效液相色谱/串联质谱法调查了3种磺胺类、3种喹诺酮类、1种四环素类和2种大环内酯类抗生素在珠江口典型水产养殖区水和沉积物中的含量水平，揭示其在典型水产养殖环境中的污染现状与分布特征，以期为我国水产养殖区抗生素的环境风险评价提供科学依据.结果表明，在所有样品中磺胺类抗生素均未检出，其他3类抗生素残留浓度和检出率大小顺序为喹诺酮类抗生素>四环素类抗生素>大环内酯类抗生素.在水和沉积物中分别检出2类3种(诺氟沙星、氧氟沙星和四环素)和3类5种(诺氟沙星、氧氟沙星、恩诺沙星、四环素和脱水红霉素)抗生素残留，平均质量浓度分别在7.63~59.00 ng·L-1和0.97~85.25 ng·g-1之间.沉积物中抗生素检出率和种类均比水中的高，表明沉积物既是抗生素的储存库又是水中抗生素潜在的污染源.相同养殖模式下，养殖时间越长，抗生素的总量越高，显示出抗生素的累积效应.珠江口水产养殖区废水的排放可能是周围水环境中抗生素污染的重要来源之一.%Antibiotics have widely been used to treat infectious diseases and promote the growth of animals in the aquaculture. However, antibiotic residues in the aquaculture environments may co-select antibiotic resistant bacteria, and potentially exert adverse effects on the non-target organisms and humans. In recent years, many efforts have been made to investigate the occurrences of antibiotics in the rivers, estuaries, and wastewater treatment plants. Nevertheless, limited studies were conducted on antibiotic residues in the aquaculture environments. Aiming to provide baseline data for assessing environmental risks of antibiotics in the aquaculture environment, the occurrence and distributions of commonly used antibiotics, including three sulfonamides, three quinolones, one tetracyclines and two macrolides, in the water and sediments of aquacultural ponds in the Pearl River Estuary were determined using a solid-phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. Sulfonamides were not found in the investigated aquaculture ponds. The levels and detection frequencies of detectable antibiotics decreased in the following order, quinolones>tetracyclines>macrolides. Three antibiotics (norfloxacin, ofloxacin, and tetracycline) categorizing into two groups were detected in the water, and five antibiotics (norfloxacin, ofloxacin, enrofloxacin, tetracycline, and erythromycin-H2O) belonging to three groups were detected in the sediments. Mean concentrations of detected antibiotics ranged from 7.63 to 59.00 ng·L-1 in the water, and from 0.97 to 85.25 ng·g-1 in the sediments. Both detection frequencies and types of antibiotics in the sediments were much higher than those in the water, indicating that the sediment is a sink of antibiotics in the aquatic environments, as well as potential secondary pollution source. Total concentrations of antibiotics increased with the prolongation of rearing time. The use of antibiotics in the aquaculture is an important pollution source of antibiotics in the Pearl River Estuary.
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