中国主要地区表层土壤多环芳烃含量及来源解析

摘要

以表层土壤多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs)为研究对象,查阅2000—2016年间发表的101篇中国主要地区表层土壤多环芳烃的文献,系统分析了中国主要地区表层土壤中PAHs的含量、组分、分布特征及主要来源,为中国土壤多环芳烃污染防治提供科学依据.结果表明:中国主要地区表层土壤中16种优控多环芳烃总量(中位值)(?PAHs)为515.70 ng·g-1,和其他国家相比处于中等水平.16种多环芳烃(PAHs)在表层土中以菲(Phe)、荧蒽(Fla)和萘(Nap)的含量(中位值)最高,苊烯(Acy)、苊(Ane)以及茚苯并(1,2,3,-cd)芘(Inp)含量(中位值)最低;?PAHs含量(中位值)地域分布表现为西北地区>华北地区>东北地区>华东地区>华中地区>华南地区>西南地区.表层土壤PAHs组成以高环(4环及以上)为主,占60.06%,不同地区PAHs的组成不同;通过对16种检出PAHs进行聚类分析,得出中国主要地区PAHs主要有煤炭燃烧源、油类燃料燃烧源、焦油生产源、石油源和生物质燃烧源等5个来源.结合同分异构体比值法和污染物特征指数法,进一步对22个省区表层土壤PAHs进行聚类分析,得出新疆、天津、陕西表层土壤PAHs主要来源于液化石油燃料及原油的污染,燃料成分主要为汽油;福建、吉林、山西、贵州和江西表层土壤中PAHs主要来源于草、木材、煤炭及生物质燃烧;北京、湖北、黑龙江、安徽、西藏、江苏、广东、浙江、湖南、山东、宁夏、重庆及香港等表层土壤PAHs则主要来源于液体化石燃料、生物质及煤炭的燃烧,燃料成分为煤炭和汽油.%To scientifically control the pollution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soils, content, composition and sources of PAHs in main areas of surface soils in Chins from 101 papers published from 2000—2016 were systematically analyzed. The results showed that the total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (?PAHs) concentration (median value) was 515.70 ng·g-1 in main areas of China, which was in the medium level compared with other countries. The content (median value) of phenanthrene (Phe), fluoranthene (Fla) and naphthalene (Nap) in surface soil were relatively higher among 16 kinds of PAHs and acenaphthylene (Acy), acenaphthene (Ane) and indene benzo (1, 2, 3-CD) pyrene (Inp) were relatively low. The content of?PAHs (median value) from high to low in the order of Northwest China, North China, Northeast China, East China, Central China, South China and Southwest China. 4 rings and above of PAHs are dominated in surface soil which accounted 60.06%, the composition of PAHs in different areas was different. Through the cluster analysis of 16 kinds of detected PAHs, it is concluded that PAHs in China mainly consists of five sources: coal combustion, oil fuel burning, tar production, oil and biomass combustion. Combined with the isomer ratio and the characteristic of the pollutant index method, cluster analysis of PAHs in 22 provinces and autonomous regions showed that the PAHs in surface soils of Xinjiang, Tinjin and Shanxi mainly origin from liquefied petroleum fuels and oil pollution with gasoline as main ingredient. PAHs in surface soil of Fujian, Jilin, Shanxi, Guizhou and Jiangxi mainly came from combustion of grass, wood, coal and biomass. PAHs in surface soil of Beijing, Hubei, Heilongjiang, Anhui, Xizang, Jiangsu, Guangdong, Zhejiang, Hunan, Shandong, Ningxia, Chongqing and Hong Kong mainly origin from combustion of liquid fossil fuels, biomass and coal with coal and gasoline as components.