地震科普中易被误解的几个地震学概念问题

摘要

解读了地震科普中易被误解的一些地震学概念问题：①地震来了，真的是纵波（P波）先到，感觉上下振动，然后横波（s波）到，感觉左右或前后水平方向振动吗？②震级是按地震波能量分级来刻画地震大小的吗？③地震波能量就是地震释放的总能量吗？④宏、微观地震参数有时为什么相差那么大？是误差问题，还是参数定义就有差异？⑤汶川地震地震动衰减的方向性那么强，成都市区遭受破坏相对较轻的主要原因是什么？%Some of seismological conceptions are explained in this paper. For example, when an earthquake occurs, do we firstly feel the P-wave and then the S-wave？ In other words, do we firstly feel the vertical and then the hori- zontal movement of the ground？ Is the seismic magnitude the scale of seismic size according to the wave energy of an earthquake？ Is the energy of seismic wave the total energy of an earthquake？ Why the difference between instru- ment epicenter and macro-epicenter is so big？ Does it belong to the measurement error？ Is it the different parame- ters？ The 2008 Wenchuan 1148.0 Earthquake had very strong directivity of the ground motion. Why Chengdu city has a relative weak disaster results？