白血病患儿医院感染及抗菌药物应用分析

摘要

Objective:To analyze the clinical features of nosocomial infection of pediatric patients with leukemia and the treatment with antibiotics. Method: Predisposing factors of nosocomial infection were analyzed retrospectively in 193 pediatric leukemia patients who were admitted to hospital during 2013. Result: The rate of hospital acquired infection in pediatric patients with leukemia was 71.5% (138/193). The infection rate were 87.6%when the peripheral WBC counts of pediatric patients with leukemia were less than 0.5×109/L. Pathogens mainly include Gram-negative aerobic bacteria. The most common site of infection were respiratory tract. The third generation of cephalosporins was most commonly used. Conclusion: Pediatric patients with leukemia had high nosocomial infection rate which was related to the the duration of agranulocytosis. Reasonable antibiotic usage could help reduce nosocomial infection in pediatric patients with leukemia.%目的：分析白血病患儿医院感染发生情况和抗菌药物使用情况。方法：对2013年我院儿科收治的193例白血病患儿医院感染情况和抗菌药物使用情况进行回顾性分析。结果：我院白血病患儿医院感染的发生率为71.5%(138/193)，白血病患儿中性粒细胞数≤0.5×109/L时，医院感染的发生率为87.6%，明显高于中性粒细胞数＞0.5×109/L者。感染部位主要为呼吸道，感染病原菌以革兰阴性杆菌为主。抗菌药物选用以三代头孢菌素为主。结论：白血病患儿医院感染率高，医院感染的发生与粒细胞缺乏情况以及持续时间密切相关，应在治疗原发病的同时，合理使用抗菌药物，以有效降低和控制医院感染的发生。