Diabetes mellitus(DM)is a health condition characterized by glucose dysregulation and affects millions of people worldwide.The presentation of heart failure in diabetic cardiomyopathy extends over a wide phenotypic spectrum,commencing from asymptomatic,subclinical structural abnormalities to severely symptomatic biventricular dysfunction with increased mortality risk.Similarly,the spectrum of systolic dysfunction in diabetic-induced heart failure is diverse.DM leads also to cardiac electrical remodeling reacting on various targets.Dipeptidyl peptidase-4(DPP-4)inhibitors reduce glucagon and blood glucose levels by raising levels of the endogenous hormones glucagon-like-peptide 1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide and constitute a safe and effective glucose lowering treatment option in patients with type 2 DM.Despite DPP-4 inhibitors’efficacy regarding glycemic control,their effect on cardiovascular outcomes(myocardial infarction,stroke,hospitalization for heart failure,hospitalization for unstable angina,hospitalization for coronary revascularization,and cardiovascular death)in diabetic patients has been neutral.The potential correlation between atrial flutter and DPP-4 inhibitors administration needs further investigation.
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机译:Reducing Patient Burden in Clinical Trials Through the Use of Historical Controls: Appropriate Selection of Historical Data to Minimize Risk of Bias
机译:高科技公司员工职业久坐行为与心血管疾病及其危险因子之关联性研究 =Associations of Occupational Sitting with Cardiovascular Diseases and Its Risk Factors among High-Tech Company Employees
机译:Circadian rhythm of the autonomic nervous system in insulin resistant subjects with normoglycemia, impaired fasting glycemia, impaired glucose tolerance, type 2 diabetes mellitus