Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Ministry of Education);
Nanjing Normal University;
Nanjing;
China;
State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution (Jiangsu Province);
Nanjing;
China;
Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application;
Nanjing;
China;
Collaborative Innovation Center for Digital Information Technology;
Changzhou Institute of Technology;
Changzhou;
China;
Urban; Flooding; Surface; Heterogeneity; Spatial; Discretization; Geo-Visual; Analysis;