Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences of Electronic Science and Technology of China 610054;
School of Chemical Engineering University 610065;
Institute for Advanced Study University 610106;
College of Chemistry Engineering and Materials Science Normal University 250014;
Chemistry Department of Science Abdulaziz University.O.Box 80203 21589 Arabia;
seawater oxidation; layered double hydroxide; three-dimensional(3D)self-supported electrocatalysts; ANTICORROSION; operando Raman spectroscopy;