论海洋文化背景下的民居--以海草房与黎族船屋为例

摘要

建筑是凝固的艺术，一本打开在大地上的书。海草房与黎族的船屋都是人类为了满足自身生存需求，所搭建的临时居所，两者都是在以后的演变中渐渐成熟。海草房是分布于胶东半岛沿海地区的一种传统民居，它不仅材料取之于大海，其两端微翘的船形屋顶，也是劳动人民对海洋的一种眷恋、一种归属。黎族是一个岛屿民族。他们世世代代与海洋紧密联系在一起，是海洋文化的典型性民居。在他们的世界中，船只是他们重要的交通工具。依靠船只，黎族人可以出海捕鱼，维持基本的生存，与海洋进行交流与沟通。黎族先民选用船屋作为安身立命之所，除了对船的重视尊崇之外；更是海洋文化的一种图腾象征。就发展演变的过程来看，它们从雏形到最后都有着许多相似之处。%The sea-weed house and Li People's boat house are both built as temporary shelters, and have been improved gradualy in a long history. The sea-weed house is a kind of traditional dwelings found in the seaside area of the Jiaodong Peninsula. The house materials are al from the ocean, and the boat-shaped roof with two sides slightly up stands for the people's affection and belongingness to the ocean. Li is a group of people who has lived with the ocean for thousands years. Boat is not only something by which they communicate with the ocean but is their irreplaceable fishing tool. Their ancestors chose boat hul as their shelters to show their reverence for boats, and also it became a symbol of ocean cultures. Considering the evolution process, there are a lot of similarities between the sea-weed house and the boat house from rudiments to its later form.