利用1961—2010年库尔勒气象站年平均气温、年平均气压、年降水量、年平均地面风速、年沙尘日数、年沙尘暴日数及年日照时数等资料,分析了近50 a库尔勒市气候变化基本特征.分析表明：(1)近半个世纪来库尔勒市年平均气温上升速率为0.29益/10 a,高于0.22益/10 a的全国平均水平,与全球变暖的大背景相一致；(2)年降水量变化趋势不明显,但年际变率大；(3)年平均地面风速减小速率为0.25 m/s/10 a；(4)年沙尘日数、年沙尘暴日数都呈减少趋势,减少速率分别为14.3 d/10 a 和0.77 d/10 a；(5)库尔勒年平均气压前期和后期较低、中期较高,年日照时数年际变化较大；(6)库尔勒的气温、年沙尘日数用Mann原kendall方法检验分别在不同年份发生了的突变.与同期相邻轮台站相比,年平均气温、年平均地面风速、年沙尘日数和年沙尘暴日数变化趋势存在明显不同,这可能和两地不同的城市化速度、绿程度有关.%The characteristics of climate change in Korla were analyzed by using the observational data from Korla meteorological station,such as the annual average temperature,the annual average atmospheric pressure,the annual precipitation,the annual average surface wind speed,and the annual dust and sandstorm days and the annual sunshine hours from 1961 to 2010. The results showed as follows.(1)Every meteorological element showed the warm trend and the rate of the annual average temperature was generally 0.29 ℃/10 a,which is higher than the national average level and consistent with the background of global warming.(2)The annual precipitation trend was not obvious, but the inter-annual variability was large.(3)The average surface wind speed decreased with the rate of 0.25 m/s/10 a,mainly due to the increase of agriculture and forestry green.(4)The annual dust and sandstorm days tended to decrease with the rate of 14.3 d/10 a and 0.7 d/10 a respectively,which was related to the increase in precipitation, ecological improvement and the warm and humid trend of climate.(5)There were some mutation in different degrees in temperature and annual dust day number in different years tested by Mann-kendall and showed that the climate in Korla was becoming warm. That was different from Luntai weather station in recent 50 years and the rate of the annual average temperature was slower than Luntai, and there were much different rate of increase or decrease of other factors. It maybe related to the rate of urbanization and greening rate.
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