植物油体在生物技术中的应用研究进展

摘要

Oil bodies are the important oil storage organelles in plant seeds, particularly in oil plant seeds. Oil bodies have strong physical and chemical stability and are easily separated by centrifugation. Studies showed that oil bodies have a spherical or ellipsoid shape and are composed of outer phospholipid, integral proteins and inner liquid matrix (mostly triacylglycerol). To date,three types of integral proteins have been found in plants and are mainly localized on the surface of oil bodies. In view of the unique structures of oil bodies and integral proteins,both of them have been widely applied in the field of biotechnology. This review summarized advantages and strategies of using oil bodies in expression and purification of recombinant proteins,as well as its applications in the fields of production of pharmaceutical protein, preparation of immobilized enzymes, affinity capture of antibodies and pharmaceutical enzymes, production of nutraceuticals, enhancement of plant resistance against pathogen. The development and applications of artificial oil bodies and oil-body-emulsifying-agents were also discussed.%油体是植物种子尤其是油料植物种子的重要贮脂细胞器，具有较强的物化稳定性，而且易于通过离心法分离提取。研究表明，油体是由外层的磷脂和油体结合蛋白以及包裹在内部的液态基质（主要为三酰甘油）形成的弹性球体或椭球体。目前，在植物中共发现三类油体结合蛋白，它们主要存在于油体表面。鉴于油体和油体结合蛋白的结构特殊性，二者在生物技术领域得到了广泛应用。本文重点综述了油体在表达纯化外源蛋白方面的优势、策略以及在生产药用蛋白、制备固定化酶、捕捉抗体和药用酶、生产营养素和提高植物抗性等多个领域的研究进展，并介绍了人工油体和油体乳化剂方面的开发应用情况。