两系小麦BNS花粉育性与气象因子的关系

摘要

In order to evaluate the heterosis utilization of BNS in wheat , the relationship between meteorological factors and pollen fertility were studied during the period from September ,2009 to June, 2010. Results showed that the pollen fertility changed depending on the change of sowing time and a conversion process from the full fertility of infertile to fertile appeared, when seeded before November 10th , the pollen sterility rate is above 95% ; fertility was in the conversion period when seeded on November 10th , 18th and 26th and the BNS pollen sterility rate reduced gradually with seeding delays; there was a significant negative relationship between pollen sterility rate and 10 -15 d - average temperature before heading, 7 -15 d - minimum - temperature before heading; It was the low temperature that caused the high pollen sterility rate , which was also the major factors affecting fertility transition of BNS, and completely sterile appeared when the temperature was lower than 8.9 ℃ , then fertility gradually increased with the temperature increasing; there was a significant negative relationship between pollen sterility rate and 10 -15 d - sunshine hours before heading. In conclusion, the BNS pollen sterility was induced by temperature and sunshine time, and the temperature had more effect than the sunshine hours.%为探讨小麦温光敏不育系BNS花粉育性转化规律,2009年9月至2010年5月采用分期播种试验,测定了不同播期的小麦花粉育性,同时对其花粉育性与气象因子的关系进行了分析.结果表明:BNS花粉育性随播期的推迟而变化,出现了从完全不育到可育的育性转换过程,11月10日前播种花粉败育率为95％以上,表现为高度不育,11月10日、11月18日和11月26日播种,育性处在转换期,随播期推迟花粉败育率逐渐降低;BNS的花粉败育率与抽穗前10～15d的平均温度和抽穗前7～15d的平均最低温度呈极显著负相关;低温是影响BNS育性转换的主要因素,表现低温不育,高温可育,当温度低于8.9℃时表现彻底不育,此后随着温度的升高花粉败育率逐步降低;BNS的花粉败育率与抽穗前10～15d的日照时数呈极显著负相关.BNS花粉育性与温度和日照时数有极显著相关性,且其温度的影响大于日照时数的影响.