重金属污染土壤植物修复与利用研究进展

摘要

土壤重金属污染使可用耕地面积减少，影响作物的生长发育，甚至导致粮食作物中重金属含量超标，严重威胁人类健康，因此，揭示蛋白质水平、基因水平上植物对重金属的响应，可为重金属污染下农作物的基因工程育种提供分子依据；筛选出重金属低积累农作物，有助于对重金属低污染农田的充分利用；研究各类改良剂对植物修复的影响，既能增加农作物的生物量，又能提高土壤重金属污染的修复效率。从植物耐重金属的分子机理、重金属低积累农作物的筛选、改良剂在降低农作物重金属含量中的使用和植物—微生物、植物—化学联合修复措施的采用等方面对重金属污染土壤植物修复与利用的研究进行了综述，并对今后的研究重点进行了展望。%Soil contamination by heavy metals makes the available arable land decreased,affects plant growth and develop-ment,and even leads to excessive level of heavy metals in crops,which threatens human health.Knowledge on response mech-anisms of plants to heavy metals stress on the level of proteins and genes can provide molecular basis for genetic engineering breeding of crops tolerant to heavy metal contamination.Screening of crops with less accumulation of heavy metals makes it possible for people to use farmland contaminated with low to moderate 1evels of heavy metals.Understanding of the functions of soil amendments helps farmers to improve soil remediation efficiency and increase healthy crop biomass.This paper sum-marized the molecular mechanisms of plants tolerance to heavy metals and screening of crops with less accumulation of heavy metals,discussed the use of soil amendments to decrease the heavy metal content in crops and the effects of joint soil remedi-ation by plants -microorganism and plant -chemicals,and put forward research focuses in the future.