橡胶软管老化及开裂行为

摘要

采用超景深三维显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、能谱分析、光谱分析以及电子万能材料试验机等研究开裂的橡胶软管微观形貌、成分与力学性能.结果显示:软管的内、外层橡胶存在裂纹、孔洞,橡胶材料的拉伸强度和拉断伸长率明显下降;部分增强层钢丝发生韧性断裂,其表面及断口均已发生腐蚀.这表明软管的内衬层和外覆层橡胶严重老化,存在孔洞或颗粒状分解,影响橡胶的耐油、耐水性,介质及空气可透过橡胶层进入增强层与钢丝发生反应,导致钢丝的性能下降,发生开裂.%The microscopic morphology and mechanical properties of a ruptured rubber hose were studied by superdepth three-dimensional microscope,scanning electron microscopy,energy spectrum analysis and electronic universal testing machine.The results show that there were cracks and holes in the inner and outer rubber of the hose.The tensile strength and elongation of the rubber material were obviously decreased.Ductile fracture was also found in part of the steel wires in strengthening layer,the surface and fracture were corroded,indicating that the hose lining and the outer coating of rubber had experienced serious aging,there were holes or granular decomposition,affecting the oil and water resistance of the rubber.Media and air through the rubber layer got into the reinforcement layer and reacted with the steel wires,resulting in performance decline and cracking of the wires.