麻纤维增强聚乙烯复合材料的制备及性能研究

摘要

通过双螺杆挤出造粒,注塑成型制备了麻纤维增强高密度聚乙烯( HDPE)复合材料,测试了复合材料的力学性能并观察其微观结构,分析了相容剂马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯( PP-g-MAH)的用量和麻纤维的含量对复合材料力学性能的影响.结果表明:PP-g-MAH的加入提高了苎麻/HDPE复合材料的力学性能,并且在PP-g-MAH含量为5％时,拉伸强度最高,提高了12％；在PP-g-MAH含量为10％时,具有最佳的抗冲击强度和拉伸断裂伸长率,分别提高了113％和125％.此外,随着麻纤维含量在0％～20％内逐渐增加,复合材料的拉伸强度随之提高,麻纤维含量为20％时提高了28％.扫描电镜(SEM)断面形态观察发现,随着相容剂含量的增加,改善了树脂基体对麻纤维的包裹,有效地增强了HDPE与麻纤维的界面粘接.%The high density polyethylene (HDPE) /ramie fibre composite was prepared by twin-screw extruder and injection molding, and mechanical properties and microstructure of the composite were researched. Effect of compatiblilizer maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PP-g-MAH) dosage and ramie fibre content on mechanical properties of the composite was analyzed. The results show that PP-g-MAH can increase mechanical properties of the ramie/HDPE composite. When 5% PP-g-MAH is added into the composite, the tensile strength is increased by 12%; when 10%, the composite has the best impact strength and elongation at break and they are increased by 113% and 125%. On the other hand, the tensile strength of the composite can be improved by increasing the fibre content. The tensile strength can be increased by 28% when the content of fibre is 20%. SEM micrograph of the fractured surface of the composite has identified that as the compatiblilizer content increases, the interfacial adhesion of the HDPE and fibre is effectively enhanced.