In recent years,with the increasing of international oil price and the shortage of oil resources,oil shale has drawn much more attention.The oil shale is a kind of important unconventional oil and gas resource.World oil shale resources are plentiful,and proven reserve of the shale oil is richer than that of crude oil in the world.Because shale oil is an ideal substitute of oil,the research of processing technologies for producing shale oil from oil shale not only contains huge commercial interest and economic value,but also it is much more important for national security and energy strategy.The processing technologies can be divided into two categories: surface retorting technology and in-situ retorting technology.The process and equipments of the surface retorting technology are more mature,and at present it is also main way to produce shale oil from oil shale.According to the variation of particle sizes,the surface retorting technologies of oil shale can be classified into two categories: lump shale process and particulate shale process.In this article,the lump shale processes were introduced,such as Fushun retorting technology,Kiviter technology and Petrosix technology; the particulate processes were reviewed,such as Tosco-TI technology,ATP technology and Encfit-280 technology.Finally,development trend of oil shale surface retorting technologies was prospected.%近年来,随着国际石油供求矛盾的不断突出和石油价格的居高不下,油页岩资源逐渐引起了众多科研人员的青睐.油页岩是一种重要的非常规油气资源.世界油页岩分布范围广,储量十分丰富,其探明可采储量如果折算成页岩油,数倍于世界原油的探明储量.页岩油作为石油的一种理想替代品,进行油页岩制油技术的研究不仅蕴含巨大的商业利益和经济价值,对国家安全和能源战略也具有十分重要的意义.油页岩制取页岩油的技术可分为地面干馏技术和原位开采技术.地面干馏技术的工艺和设备发展比较成熟,也是目前制取页岩油最主要的途径.根据颗粒粒度的大小又可分为块状干馏技术和小颗粒干馏技术.着重介绍的块状油页岩干馏技术有抚顺炉技术、Kiviter技术和Petrosix技术,小颗粒干馏技术有Tosco-Ⅱ技术、ATP 工艺和Enefit-280工艺等.最后指出了油页岩地面干馏技术的发展趋势.
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