延迟焦化是炼油工业中应用最广泛的渣油处理技术，焦炭塔是该装置中的关键设备。提出了一种新型焦炭塔自动底盖机。它采用液压控制垂直开盖技术，利用液压顶紧器产生密封力，顶紧改进的密封装置，达到良好的密封效果。底盖启闭和压紧动作分别执行，开关盖动作简单可靠，可适应焦炭塔频繁停开工的复杂工况。依据有关理论，对卡密封系统进行结构设计，并对此密封系统的密封力及施加密封力的装置进行了分析计算。并依据JB4732对底盖机应力进行分类强度评定，依据ASME Ⅷ-1对垫片应力进行密封评定。可为焦炭塔自动底盖机的实际应用提供参考。%The delayed coking technique is extensively used in oil refining industry. Coking tower is the essential equipment in delayed coking unit. In this paper,the new structure of coking tower automatic bottom head machine was put forward. It uses the technology of hydraulic controlling uncapping vertically, the sealing force is produced by the hydraulic compacting device to compact the seal, so better seal effect can be gained. Open and shut operation can carried out separately, switching and covering operation is simple and reliable, so the hydraulic seal structure system can adapt to frequent start-up and shutdown of the tower. The structure system of Cachaly seal was designed based on correlated theories, the seal force was calculated, and the device to produce the seal force was analyzed. The bottom cover machine stress intensity was evaluated according to JB4732, the seal gasket stress was evaluated according to ASMEⅧ–1, which can provide the reference for practical application of the bottom cover machine in coke tower .
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