穿越河流输油管道泄漏扩散数值模拟

摘要

With the rapid development of the oil industry, cross-river oil pipeline has become one of the most important transportation ways. Leakage of oil conveying pipeline not only causes huge economic loss,but also brings serious environmental pollution,even poses potential threat to life . In this paper,a two-dimensional diffusion physical model of the leakage was established, and numerical simulation of the leak process was carried out. The results indicate that the process of the leakage can be divided into initial stage, middle stage and late stage. The effect of the water speed on the three stage of the leakage is different. The effect of the water speed on the initial stage is small;The effect of the water speed on the middle stage is larger. At the late stage, leakage oil will spread to the surface of water ,the faster the water speed ,the larger the oil leakage effect;When the water speed is enough large, the oil spill phenomenon will appear, which makes the leakage not easy to be found. The simulation results can well agree with correlated theories, and can provide some theoretical guides for engineering application.%　　随着石油工业的迅猛发展，穿越河流输油管道已成为输送油品的重要途径之一。输油管道泄漏后不仅造成巨大的经济损失，还会带来严重的环境污染，对生命造成潜在威胁。对穿越河流输油管道泄漏扩散建立二维扩散物理模型对泄漏过程进行数值模拟。研究结果表明：管道泄漏过程可分为泄漏初期、泄漏中期、泄漏后期三个过程，水流速度对此三个过程的影响不同。水流对泄漏初期的影响不大，不同水速对泄漏中期的影响较大，在泄漏后期油品最终会扩散到水表面，水速越大油品扩散范围越大，且水速大到一定数值时会在泄漏中期发生溢流现象，使泄漏事故不易被发现。模拟结果与相关理论吻合较好，可为工程实际应用提供一定的理论指导。