无线传感器网络多信道MAC协议的研究与分析

摘要

现有已提出的适用于无线传感器网络的MAC(Media Access Control)协议中,大多数根据TDMA将时间划分成时隙,以提高时间的利用率来降低传输时延,有的也利用多信道进行传输来提高整个网络的吞吐量.但是,目前还没有相应的文献考虑到利用频分复用(FDMA)技术来实现数据在专属一每对节点对的信道中真正的并行传输.于是,将FDMA用于分簇网络中,提出了一个新颖的MAC协议来进一步改善网络性能,延长网络的使用寿命.簇头利用FDMA技术将信道划分后分配给不同的簇成员,在同一时刻同一簇中,不同簇成员可以在不同的子信道并行传输数据.显然,这种机制不仅提高了能量利用率,延长了整个网络的寿命,而且提高了整个网络的吞吐量.为完善协议,还提出了一个新的分簇算法来构造一个树状的簇,即按照每个簇与汇聚节点的跳数距离分层,从而更有利于整个网络的能量均衡.%Recently,a great amount of media access control (MAC) protocol for wireless sensor network were proposed.Most of them are based on TDMA scheme which divided time into several slots to improve the utilization efficiency of time and reduce the transmission delay while some others make use of the multi-channel for transmission so as to improve the throughput of the entire network.However,there is no corresponding literature considering the use of frequency division multiplexing access (FDMA) strategy to implement real parallel data transmission in different sub-channels.A novel MAC protocol by applying FDMA scheme to the clustering networks was proposed to further improve the performance of the network and prolong the work life of the whole network.The cluster header utilizes FDMA scheme to divide the channel into several sub-channels and assigned them to different cluster members who have transmission.At the same time,the different cluster members in the same cluster can transmit data in different parallel sub-channels.It is obvious that this mechanism not only increases the efficiency of energy and prolongs the service life of the whole network,but also improves the entire network throughput.In order to improve the protocol,a new clustering algorithm was proposed to construct a tree of clusters,namely partition the cluster into different layers according to the hop distance between each cluster and sink node for energy balance of network.