尽管影响食品安全的因素众多，但食品安全问题本质上是经济问题，仍无法脱离基本的供需矛盾。本文从有效需要的角度出发，以消费认知和政府规制为两条主线对相关前沿的研究文献进行了梳理，并将其纳入到一个基本的供需分析框架中。通过文献研究发现，频发食品安全事件是粗放型经济增长的阶段性产物，而消费认知的偏误以及政府规制的合理程度对食品安全市场的有效供给具有很强的引导作用。食品安全治理中的政策制定与制度安排不能仅着眼于对供给的约束，如何提振有效需求则更有利于监管资源的优化和规制效果。对于中国食品安全问题的研究目前仍主要停留在一种概述性、工具性的研究阶段或某一领域的经验性研究，关于食品安全经济的内在价值和深度机理性研究还十分缺乏。%Although many different factors can affect it, food safety is an economic issue in nature, not free from the bas-ic contradiction between supply and demand.In this paper, we conduct a review of frontier research literature from the per-spective of effective market needs along the two main lines of consumer perception and government regulation, and incorporate it into a basic analysis framework of supply and demand.The literature study shows that the frequent food safety incidents are stage results of extensive economic growth pattern; consumer perception and rational degree of government regulation have a strong guiding effect on the effective supply of food safety market.Policy decisions and institutional arrangements of food safety governance should not merely focus on restricting food supply.Stimulation of effective demand for food safety works better to optimize supervision resources and regulation effects.At present, studies on China’s food safety problems still remain at the stage of general description, instrumental research, or empirical research in a specific field.Research on the intrinsic value and deep mechanisms of food safety economics is still gravely inadequate.
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