Hypoglycemic efficacy of Ocimum gratissimum and Vernonia amygdalina compared with insulin and glibenclamide in type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ diabetic rat models

摘要

Objective: To compare the efficacy of Ocimum gratissimum (O. gratissimum) and Vernonia amygdalina (V. amygdalina) with those of insulin and glibenclamide.Methods: Type Ⅰ and Ⅱ diabetes mellitus (DM) were induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of 65 mg/kg of streptozotocin and intraperitoneal administration of nicotinamide (100 mg/kg) along with streptozotocin, respectively. The state of diabetes was confirmed weekly by testing blood glucose level using a glucometer.Results: The weekly blood glucose levels were higher in type I DM than in type Ⅱ DM. Type Ⅰ DM plus O. gratissimum showed a weekly progressive significant reduction in blood glucose compared to type Ⅰ DM control. Type Ⅰ DM control showed a duration dependent significant higher blood glucose concentration compared to normal control. Type I DM plus V. amygdalina also showed a time dependent significant lower glucose level compared to normal control and type Ⅰ DM control. Combination treatment of type Ⅰ DM (O. gratissimum plus V. amygdalina) showed a significantly elevated glucose concentration compared to normal control which was similar to type I DM control. Insulin treatment in type I DM showed a weekly progressive significant reduction of glucose concentration compared to normal control and type I DM control. Type Ⅱ DM control showed a fairly constant blood glucose concentration throughout the duration of treatment that was significantly higher than that of the normal control. Type Ⅱ DM plus O. gratissimum showed a fairly steady significant reduction of glucose concentration compared to type Ⅱ DM control and normal control. Type Ⅱ DM plus V. amygdalina also showed a fairly constant significant reduction of glucose concentration compared to type Ⅱ DM control and normal control. Type II DM (O. gratissimum plus V. amygdalina) showed a slightly progressive significant reduction of glucose concentration compared to normal control and type Ⅱ DM control. Type Ⅱ DM with glibenclamide showed almost steady significant reduction in glucose concentration compared to normal control and type Ⅱ DM control. Conclusions: From the result, it is evident that O. gratissimum and V. amygdalina administration produces more potent hypoglycemic activity than insulin and glibenclamide in type I and Ⅱ DM models, respectively.