煤矿重特大事故应急救援技术及装备

摘要

分析总结了煤矿事故应急救援技术现状,即煤矿事故发现和报警主要由人工完成,无便携式抗灾变应急通信装备,无遇险(难)人员定位系统,灾区远距离侦测主要采用高压气体发射探测球,应急预案针对性和实用性差,事故应急救援决策主要依靠经验,灾后风流调控通过主通风机反风,井下逃生通道构建主要靠人工等.提出了融合水源、水位、水质、隔水层和透水通道等多元信息的水灾事故自动发现和报警方法,融合温度、烟雾、气体等多元信息的火灾事故自动发现和报警方法,融合热、力、气等多元信息的瓦斯煤尘爆炸事故自动发现和报警方法.提出了抗灾变应急通信,遇险(难)人员定位,搜救机器人,灾区气体远距离遥测,基于大数据的应急预案和应急救援辅助决策,逃生通道机械化构建等方法.%The paper analyzed and summarized the emergency rescue technology status of the mine accidents.Thus the mine accident discovery and alarming were mainly completed manually and without the portable disaster emergency communication equipment and the refuge (distressed) personnel positioning system.A bulb detector launched with the high pressure gas was mainly applied to the remote detection of the disaster area.The pertinence and practicality of the emergency plan was poor and the decision making of the accident emergency rescue was mainly depended on the experiences.After the disaster occurred,the mine air flow was adjusted by the inverted ventilation of the main ventilator and the escape channel in the undergrouud mine would be mainly set up manually and others.The auto discovery and alarm method of mine water disaster accident were provided with integrated water resources,water level,water quality,water isolated layer,water permeable channel and other multi element information.The auto discovery and alarm method of the mine fire accident was provided with integrated temperature,smoke,gas and multi element information.The auto discovery and alarm method of the mine gas and coal dust explosion accidents was provided with integrated heat,force,gas and other multi element information.An anti-disaster emergency communication,refuges (distress) personnel positioning,rescue robot,remote telemetering of the gas in the disaster area were provided based on big data emergency plan and emergency rescue assistant decision,mechanized construction of the escape channel and other method.