急倾斜煤层浅部开采顶板破断致灾原理与控制

摘要

In order to obtain the roof breakage rule of mining shallow steeply-inclined coal-seam with horizontal slicing mining and en-sure safety, applying physical analogue experiment to researching roof caving rule, roof caving condition was analyzed by mechanics model.Numerical simulation was used to simulate the effect of blasting roof with 3DEC.Result showed that roof was difficult to cave in shallow mining steeply-inclined coal-seam and roof hanging was easy to occur.large area of roof caving could result into rock-burst.By forced caving in mining the first and second slice, roof potential energy could be effectively reduced, and caved gangue could aslo en-sure safety of mining lower slices.%为掌握急倾斜煤层浅部开采时顶板的破断规律，确保水平分段综放开采时的安全生产，采用物理相似模拟实验研究急倾斜煤层浅部开采时顶板的垮落规律，通过力学建模分析顶板垮落的条件，运用3 DEC对人工爆破强制放顶的效果进行了数值模拟与分析。研究结果表明：浅部开采时急倾斜煤层的顶板不易垮落，容易出现大面积悬顶现象。工作面上方覆岩大面积垮落，产生冲击矿压，危害工作面安全生产；而在第一分段、第二分段回采过程中采用强制放顶的措施可以有效削减顶板的势能，顶板垮落后形成的覆浮矸垫层也可以保证急倾斜煤层下分段的生产安全。