煤矿井下地震勘探资料特殊处理方法及效果

摘要

Compared with surface seismic exploration, seismic exploration in underground coal mines has higher resolution, but there are also some special problems which need to be resolved with the special processing methods. In this paper, regression prediction analysis methods with first arrival time of single shot was used to overcome the inconsistent firing time caused by detonators, and the surface-consistent amplitude correction and deconvolution technique were introduced to make better consistency of amplitude and waveform of the seismic signals. It is proved that with the processing method above mentioned the quality of seismic stack section in underground coal mines has been significantly improved, creating conditions for structural and lithological interpretation.%与地面地震勘探相比，煤矿井下地震勘探具有较高的分辨率，但也存在一些特殊问题，如炮间时差即为其一，需要采取特殊处理手段加以解决。针对矿用雷管引起的各炮间时差问题，采用单炮初至时间回归预测分析方法校正激发时间不一致所带来的延迟时，并引入了地表一致性振幅校正及地表一致性反褶积技术，使得煤矿井下地震信号振幅、波形不一致的问题得到了较大的改善。实际资料处理效果表明：经过以上处理后，煤矿井下地震叠加剖面效果得到明显改善，为构造解释和岩性解释创造了条件。