新型重力式冲击器工作原理与设计的研究

摘要

旋转冲击钻进技术能够有效解决硬岩地层钻进困难的问题,冲击器是旋转冲击钻进技术的关键设备.针对目前的液动式冲击器在使用过程中存在的各种问题,研究了将钻杆的回转运动转换为冲锤在竖直方向上往复运动的新型重力式冲击器.对新型重力式冲击器的工作机理、关键零部件的设计和重要性能参数进行了详细论述,并介绍了对其相关的使用和维护.新型重力式冲击器结构简单、对复杂环境适应性强,并且克服了液动式冲击器因易损元件破坏而导致冲击器失效的问题,具有广泛的推广应用前景.%The rotary percussion drilling technology can effectively solve the problem of hard rock drilling,and the percussion device is the key equipment of the rotary percussion drilling technology.In view of the various problems existing in the use of the current hydraulic impactor,the paper studies a new type of gravity impactor which converts the rotation of the drill pipe into the reciprocating movement of the hammer in the vertical direction.In this paper,the working principle,design of key components and important performance parameters of the new type of gravity impactor are discussed in detail.The new gravity impactor has the advantages of simple structure and strong adaptability to complex environment,and overcomes the problem of the failure of the hydraulic impactor due to the failure of the vulnerable components.