钻杆动力钳的应用与改进

摘要

The application of the powered drill pipe wrench has greatly stepped up the drilling efficiency.But,some issues have been exposed such as:different sized jaw plate and plug screw can be rashly mismatched;twist off left handed drill tools may over-torque spinning and cause screw off lacking in strength;when tighten and loosen casing,the floating body has small strokes up and down,thus can damage casing screw thread and powered drill pipe wrench;long-term invalid idle operation of the hydraulic station can cause energy consumption,noise and abrasions.In allusion to above issues,based on powered drill pipe wrench principle of operation,combined with site actual situation,configured special circulation box,the same specification jaw plates and plug screws put into the same box and replace at the same time.During the use of left handed drill tools,measures to appropriately improve the powered drill pipe wrench including two oil pipes pass in and out of hydro-motor should be transposed,an "electric pneumatic control" switch should be added on the transferring gas circuit of pneumatic cylinder and improving operation technical process.The application of the improved wrench on site has shown that not only can step up the drilling efficiency,lower down labor intensity,but also enhance the enterprise core competitiveness and technical equipment standard.%钻杆动力钳的使用大大钻井工作效率,不过,使用中也暴露出一些问题,比如:不同规格的颚板和堵头螺钉容易错配使用;拧卸反丝钻具时容易超扭矩上扣,卸扣无力;拧卸套管时,浮动体上下浮动行程小,容易损坏套管螺纹和动力钳;动力钳液压站长期无效空载运行,产生能耗、噪音和磨损等.针对上述问题,从动力钳的工作原理出发,结合现场实际情况,采取了配置专用周转箱,相同规格的颚板和堵头螺钉同箱存放、同时更换;在使用反丝钻具时,把进出液压马达的两根油管互换位置;在动力钳移送气缸的气路上增设“气控电”开关;完善操作工艺流程等措施对动力钳进行了适当改进.现场应用表明,改进后动力钳,不仅提高了钻井效率,降低了职工劳动强度,而且还提升了企业的核心竞争力和技术装备水平.