开发煤制乙醇和高碳伯醇技术,对煤炭的清洁利用和国家能源安全有重要意义.简述了大连化物所开发的煤经合成气制乙醇和混合高碳伯醇的技术路线,分别为:煤经合成气制C2含氧化合物,再加氢制乙醇;煤经乙酸直接加氢制乙醇;煤经甲醇或二甲醚多相羰基化制乙酸甲酯再加氢制乙醇;烯烃/乙酸加成酯化为乙酸脂,乙酸酯加氢制乙醇并联产其他醇;煤经合成气直接制高碳伯醇联产油品.介绍了上述技术的反应机理、催化剂的理论基础及目前的产业化进展情况.煤制乙醇和高碳伯醇技术的开发,可缓解国内甲醇、醋酸产能的过剩,提高产品的附加值.%The research of the synthesis of ethanol and mixed high carbon primary alcohols from syngas derived from coal is very important for the clean utilization of coal and national energy security. The technical route of the synthesis of ethanol and mixed high carbon primary alcohols developed by Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics is summarized.It includes the synthesis of ethanol from syngas derived from coal,hydrogenation of acetic acid from methanol carbonylation, hydrogenation of methyl acetate from heterogeneous methanol carbonylation,and hydrogenation of isopropyl acetate from esterification reaction between acetic acid and propylene which co-produces isopropanol. The reaction mechanism,the theoretical foundation of the catalysis and the corresponding industrial development are briefly introduced.The development of the synthesis of ethanol and mixed high carbon primary alcohols from syngas derived from coal is helpful to relieve the overcapacity of methanol and acetic acid in China and increase the added value of the product.
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