8月龄内婴儿麻疹合并支气管肺炎的临床特点及相关危险因素分析

摘要

Objective To investigate clinical characteristics and risk factors of measles complicated with bronchopneumonia in infants younger than 8 months old.Methods Clinical data of 30 infants younger than 8 months old, who had measles complicated with bronchopneumonia during December 2014 and January 2015, was retrospectively analyzed.Results Age of the 30 infants was 2-8 (7.2±2.3) months, and the disease all occurred in spring and winter.There were 15 infants with clear contact history of measles and 13 infants with history of respiratory disease.All infants had different degrees of skin rash, fever and cough, 23 infants combined with mucous plaque, 19 infants with conjunctivitis, 17 infants with diarrhea, 10 infants with running nose;7 infants had pulmonary moist crackles, 3 infants with pulmonary dry and moist crackles.All infants underwent medication treatments such as antibiotics, antiviral drugs and glucocorticoids;28 infants were cured or improved, and then were discharged, and the other 2 infants were transferred to another hospital for treatment.Infants equal or more than 4 months old, winter and spring and having history of respiratory disease were risk factors of infants with measles combined with bronchopneumonia younger than 8 months old.Conclusion The main manifestations of infants younger than 8 months old with measles complicated with bronchopneumonia include fever, skin rash, cough, mucous plaque, runny nose, conjunctivitis, dyspnea and diarrhea, associated by increased white blood cells and granulocytes.Chest X-ray examination shows increased thickening and blurring lung markings and pulmonary exudative lesions.Infants equal or more than 4 months old, winter and spring and having history of respiratory disease are the risk factors.%目的 探讨8月龄内婴儿麻疹合并支气管肺炎的临床特征及相关危险因素.方法 对2014年12月-2015年1月枣阳市第一人民医院收治的8月龄内麻疹合并支气管肺炎30例的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 30例月龄2~8(7.2±2.3)个月,均于冬春季发病,有明确麻疹接触史15例,有呼吸系统疾病史13例;均出现不同程度皮疹、发热及咳嗽,23例伴黏膜斑,19例出现结膜炎,17例出现腹泻,10例出现流涕;7例肺部可闻及湿啰音,3例肺部可闻及干湿啰音.30例均接受抗生素、抗病毒及糖皮质激素等药物治疗,28例治愈或病情好转出院,2例转外院治疗,病情好转后出院.对其影响因素进行分析显示,月龄≥4月、冬春季节及有呼吸系统疾病史是8月龄内婴儿麻疹合并支气管肺炎的危险因素.结论 8月龄内麻疹合并支气管肺炎以发热、皮疹、咳嗽、黏膜斑、流涕、结膜炎、呼吸困难及腹泻等为主要表现,伴血白细胞、中性粒细胞增加,胸部X线检查多可见肺纹理增多、增粗、模糊及肺部渗出灶;月龄≥4月、冬春季节及有呼吸系统疾病史是其危险因素.