基于SRTM数据的中国新一代天气雷达覆盖和地形遮挡评估

摘要

ensemble member;ensemble optimal interpolation;back error covariance;flow dependenceTibetan Plateau and the northwestern part of China are relatively less covered, while the eastern part (22°N-42°N, 102°E- 120°E) are well covered with ratios of 27. 1 %, 59. 8%, and 76. 8%, respectively. As to 3-km above ground level, the coastal areas have 2-radar coverage overlapping and the eastern and northern parts of China have 2 ~ 4-ra-dar coverage overlapping; the center part of the Inner Mongolia and the north eastern part of China have 1 - 2-radar coverage overlapping.%利用航天飞机雷达地形测绘数据(Shuttle Radar Topography Mission,SRTM)3 s高分辨率地形数据对全国已建成的158部新一代天气雷达分别进行了地形遮挡和覆盖能力计算,并提出了3个定量指标:覆盖比、高度—面积指数和等效覆盖半径.按照这些指标,对各雷达进行了计算和统计,并分析典型雷达站点的覆盖和遮挡情况.同时综合评估了全国雷达网的覆盖能力,结果表明青藏高原地区和西北地区覆盖较少,东部地区除部分山区雷达遮挡严重,大部分覆盖较好,全国1、2、3km高度的覆盖率分别为16.9％、38.8％、52.8％,东部地区相应覆盖率达27.1％、59.8％、76.8％.0～3 km高度范围内,东南到华南沿海地区普遍有2个雷达重叠,华东到华北平均有2～4个雷达重叠,内蒙古中部和东北地区平均有1～2个覆盖重叠.可以认为我国雷达总体布局较好.