综述了国际评估风电场对局地和全球气候变化的短期和较长期的可能影响,并且将其影响与人类排放的影响作简单的对比.大量的观测和数值模拟研究表明,风电场的运行明显减小下游风速,同时随局地近地层稳定度的不同也造成下游温度明显上升或下降.一些数值模拟研究表明,如果全球建立大量大型风电场,例如假定全球使用风能占总能源10％以上,即全球陆地的30％～ 40％和全球海洋浅水区均建有风电场,这些风电场的运行将可能造成全球变暖和风速减小.目前风电场对全球气候的影响尚具有很大的不确定性.%This paper summarizes and assesses the possible impacts of wind farms on both short- and long-term climate changes both in global and regional areas. Based on the most observed studies and numerical simulations, it is found that the wind speed in the downwind regions of wind farms reduced obviously due to the wind farms' operations. The temperature in the downwind regions became higher or lower than the upwind regions. It depended on the atmospheric stability in the near surface. Based on some numerical simulations, if many large wind farms are designed and set up in the world, for example, the global wind energy accounts for 10% of the total energy, it means that 30%-40% of the global lands and the shallow water of the global oceans are the wind farms, it might cause global warming, and also cause the reduction of wind speed and other climatic effects. Up to now, there are large gaps and uncertainties in the assessment of impacts of wind farms on the global climate change.
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