美国气候变化科学计划综述

摘要

简要回顾美国气候变化研究沿革,分析美国制定和实施气候变化科学计划(USCCSP)的背景,综述USCCSP的研究目标、研究领域和组织管理方式.首先重点阐述USCCSP的关键科学发现以及全球和美国气候变化的主要科学结论,介绍USCCSP综合评估产品.然后论述美国国家科学院研究理事会(NRC)对USCCSP进展的评估,评述未来美国气候变化研究的战略框架和领域.最后在归纳美国气候变化研究特色的基础上,阐述对我国制定长期战略规划、深化基础研究、强化模式创新、推进观测系统和资料系统建设、加强科学评估和应用服务,加快立法进程等方面的启示.%First, the U.S. Research evolution on climate change is retrospected, the background of U.S. Climate Change Science Program (USCCSP) is analyzed, and the strategic goals, research elements and management structure of USCCSP are introduced. Then the key scientific findings, the key messages about global and U.S. Climate change, and the synthesis and assessment products of USCCSP are elaborated. And then the future strategic structure of U.S. Climate research is summarized in terms of the Evaluating Progress of the U.S. Climate Change Science Program and Restructuring Federal Climate Research to Meet the Challenges of Climate Change by National Research Council (NRC). Finally some enlightenments and suggestions abut formulating strategic plans, promoting fundamental research, strengthening modeling innovations, advancing observation and data system development, enhancing scientific assessment and climate service, and speeding up legislation process in China are put out based on sum up of USCCSP.