重庆市中小学生传染病知识掌握情况调查分析

摘要

Objective To understand the mastery situation of the knowledge about common infectious diseases among the prima-ry and middle school students,in order to provide the evidence for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases.Methods The stratified random cluster sampling method was adopted.The survey was performed by the questionnaire form.The data were analyzed by the Chi square test,logistic regression model in the SPSS17.00 statistical software.Results Among the primary and middle school students in Chongqing,the students mastering 75% of the basic knowledge about infectious diseases accounted for 24.6% of the total respondents (P<0.01).From the view of the distribution of disease entities,the top six diseases with the awareness rate of less than 60% were hepatitis B,bacterial dysentery,cholera,measles,pinworm and rabies respectively(P<0.01), whose awareness rates are under 60%(P<0.01).As for the level of mastery among different grades,the senior middle school students had a better knowledge of tuberculosis,flu,SARS,AIDS,hepatitis B,poliomyelitis,etc(P<0.01).Comparatively,the pri-mary school students grasped the knowledge of hand-foot-and-mouth disease and pinworm better(P<0.01).Conclusion The pri-mary and middle school students have a low awareness rate of infectious diseases.Pertinently strengthening the popularization of the knowledge about infectious diseases is the powerful measure for reducing the occurrence of infectious diseases and promote the healthy development of students.%目的：了解中小学生对常见传染病的知晓情况，为传染病防治提供依据。方法采用整群分层随机抽样的方法，以调查问卷的形式进行调查。采用 SPSS17．00统计学软件中的χ2检验、logistic回归模型等方法进行数据分析。结果重庆市中小学生中能掌握75％传染病基本知识的占24．6％。从病种分布看，知晓率在60％以下的前6种疾病分别是乙型肝炎、细菌性痢疾、霍乱、麻疹、蛲虫病、狂犬病；从各年级的掌握情况看，高中生对结核、流感、传染性非典型肺炎、艾滋病、乙型肝炎、脊髓灰质炎等疾病掌握得较好，小学生对手足口病、蛲虫病掌握得较好（P＜0．01）。结论中小学生对传染病基本知识的知晓率偏低，有针对性地加强传染病知识普及是减少传染病发生，促进学生健康发展的有力措施。