遵义市烤烟散叶烘烤技术推广与应用效果分析

摘要

The loose leaf curing is a tobacco flue curing technology in which, instead of strung and hung on sticks, mature tobacco leaves are flue-cured on the curing rack lined up at the upright position. This curing technology can reduce labor input, reduce cost and improve curing quality at the same time. The loose leaf curing technology has been popularized and applied in Zunyi City from 2010 to 2013, involving 56 583 tobacco leaf curing barns and 109 600 ha tobacco growing fields. During the 4 year, a total of 186 400 t of tobacco leaf has been cured using the loose leaf curing technique, leading to the saving of 1 640 000 labor usage and 35 000 t coal. Comparing with the traditional curing technique,the economic benefit of the loose leaf curing technique is obvious, including an increase of output value of 442 800 000 yuan, a tax increase of 88 556 000 yuan, a profit increase of 53 136 000 yuan, and an expenditure reduction of 192 128 000 yuan. Some smooth leaves and stiff leaves appeared after loose leaf curing, but this did not affect the overall utilization of the cured tobacco. To further promote the application of loose leaf curing, the curing technology still needs to be improved.%散叶烘烤是将采收的成熟烟叶不经过挂竿，直接以叶柄朝下、叶尖朝上的方式整齐、竖直地堆放于烘烤架上进行烘烤的一种烟叶烘烤方式，能够有效地减少用工投入、降低生产成本、提高烘烤质量。遵义市自2010年开始推广散叶烘烤技术，截至2013年，全市散叶烘烤有效推广面积共计10.96万hm2，投烤烤房达56583座，4年共计收购散叶烘烤烟叶18.64万t，节省用工164.0万个，节约烘烤用煤3.5万t，新增产值44280.0万元，节支19212.8万元，新增税收8855.6万元，新增利润5313.6万元，经济效益极其显著。在散叶烘烤过程中虽然偶尔出现了部分光滑叶和僵硬叶，但并未影响烟叶的总体利用价值。散叶烘烤模式要进一步更大面积推广，其烘烤工艺仍需要不断探索完善。