目的 了解上海市金山区小儿肛裂的患病率、发病规律及就诊情况.方法2017年9月1日—2018年9月1日时间内, 对1 088名幼儿园及前往社区卫生服务中心体检并符合年龄要求 (≤7周岁) 的儿童进行体检及针对其监护人进行问卷调查.结果 (1) 接受调查儿童1 088人, 检出小儿肛裂患儿194例, 患病率为17.83％, 其中男童占小儿肛裂患病率的33.51％, 女童占66.49％, 女童患病率明显高于男童, 差异有统计学意义 (χ2=26.86, P<0.05) . (2) 肛裂患病率最高的是1～2岁和5～6岁年龄段, 分别占47.13％和44.68％, 不同年龄段之间患病率差异有统计学意义 (χ2=99.09, P<0.05) . (3) 来自城市的儿童发生肛裂的有108例, 来自农村儿童发生肛裂有86例, 差异无统计学意义 (χ2=0.224, P>0.05) . (4) 小学、初中、高中、本科/大专、硕士及以上学历父母对应的儿童患肛裂构成比不同, 差异有统计学意义 (χ2=13.498, P<0.05) . (5) 多因素logistic回归分析显示, 影响儿童肛裂发生的危险因素有大便干硬、儿童性别、挑食与否、大便哭闹、父母的文化程度及就诊科室. (6) 参与调查问卷者中, 50.2％的调查者对于小儿肛裂不甚了解, 知晓率为49.08％, 仅31.25％调查者会将患儿送至肛肠科就诊.结论 上海市金山区小儿肛裂患病率呈上升趋势, 知晓率偏低, 就诊科室不够明确.%OBjECTIVE To investigate the prevalence rate of childhood anal fissure in Jinshan District, Shanghai, China, as well as the characteristics of attacks and the visit situation. METHODS A total of 1 088 children aged 0～7 years were selected from kindergarten and the community health service center for medical examination during the period from September. RESULTS (1) There were 194 children with anal fissure in 1 088 investigating children, the prevalence rate was 17.83％. Among them, the prevalence rate of anal fissure among boys was 33.51％ and the prevalence rate of anal fissure among girls was 66.49％. The prevalence of girls was significantly higher than boys, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=26.86, P<0.05). (2) The highest prevalence of anal fissure was 1～2 years old and 5～6 years old, accounting for 47.13％ and 44.68％. The difference in prevalence between different age groups was statistically significant (χ2=99.09, P<0.05). (3) There were 108 anal fissures in children from urban areas and 86 in anal fissures from rural.The difference was not statistically significant (χ2=0.224, P>0.05). (4) Parents with primary, middle, high school, undergraduate/college, master's degree or above, their children had different proportions of anal fissure, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=13.498, P<0.05). (5) The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors affecting the incidence of anal fissure in children were dry stools, child sex, picky eaters, stool crying, parental education and visiting department. (6) Among the participants in the questionnaire, there were 50.2％ participants did not know much about anal fissure in children, the awareness rate was 49.08％ and only 31.25％ of the respondents would send the child to the anorectal clinic. CONCLUSION The prevalence of anorectal in children in Jinshan of Shanghai was on the rise, the awareness rate was low, and the visiting departments were not clear enough.
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