水杨酸诱导植物抗病性机制的研究进展

摘要

Salicylic acid (SA) is the signal molecule to induce the systemic acquired resistance in plants by inducing pathogenesis related proteins (PR protein) and regulating the activity of plant protective enzymes. The concentration of H2O2 increase with the combination of SA and the salicylic acid-binding protein (SABP) which inhibits the catalatic activity of the SABP, and H2O2 works as a second messenger molecule to activate the expression of resistance genes. SA accumulation in plants to make nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related genes 1 (NPR1) oligomers hydrolyzed into monomers NPR1, and the monomers induce the expression of related genes by interacted with transcription factors. The transportation of the SA in plant as a signal molecule, the effects of transformation of genes related to SA biosynthesis and their up-regulating transcription factors on the disease resistance of the transgenic plants, and how does the SA activate the expression of NPR1 gene would be the focus of the future research.%水杨酸（SA）是诱导植物抗性的信号分子，可通过诱导植物产生病程相关蛋白（PR蛋白）、调节相关保护酶活性等途径使植物体产生系统获得性抗性（SAR）。SA与具有过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性的水杨酸受体蛋白（SABP）结合后，抑制其CAT活性，导致细胞内过氧化氢（H2O2）浓度升高，H2O2作为第二信使激活植物体内抗性基因的表达。植物体内SA积累使病程相关基因非表达子1（NPR1）低聚体水解还原成单体NPR1后，通过与转录因子相互作用诱导病程相关基因的表达。SA作为信号分子在植物体内的运输、SA合成相关基因及其上调转录因子转化植株后对其抗病性的影响以及SA激活NPR1基因表达的具体方式将是今后的研究重点。