中加两所医院护士职业危害感知与防护现状的比较研究

摘要

目的:通过比较中加两所医院手术室和肿瘤科护士对职业危害的感知与职业防护现状,为中国医疗卫生保健管理部门开展深入研究,制定相关政策提供借鉴.方法:自行设计与开发护士职业危害与防护量表,并将该量表法语化与汉语化,在中加两所综合性大学附属医院开展调查.结果:不同调查点护士年龄分布差异有统计学意义,调查对象职位分布差异无统计学意义;中国护士对生物性职业危害及总体危害的感知程度比加拿大护士高,中国护士对锐器伤、喷溅物、空气传播性生物危害的感知程度比加拿大护士高,中国护士对举/搬运大重量器具危害的感知程度比加拿大护士高,但中国护士对手术室烟雾危害的感知程度比加拿大护士低;中国医疗机构在降低护士生物性职业危害及化学性职业危害等方面所采取的相关职业防护措施力度低于加拿大.结论:跨国研究存在的文化差异显著,护士对职业危害感知与其职业防护知识背景紧密相关,我国护士职业防护面临严峻的挑战,医院应加大对临床护士职业防护教育的力度,引进先进理念与标准,进一步推动相关政策的制定.%Objective: To compare the perception and protective status of occupational hazards of nurses in oncology department and operating room in two hospitals in China and Canada, and to provide reference and evidence for developing further studies and polices.Methods: We designed and developed the nurse occupational hazards and protection scale and translated the scale into French and Chinese version respectively. Nurses' age distribution in two survey sites had statistically significant difference while the difference of nurses'job position distribution in two survey sites wasn't statistically significant. The perception levels of Chinese nurses on biological hazards,overall occupational hazards, sharp injuries,splashes, and airborne biological hazards and lifting/moving heavy equipment hazard were higher than those of Canadian nurses. But the perception level of Chinese nurses on smoke hazard in the operating room was lower than that of Canadian nurses. The intensity of taking measures to reduce biological and chemical occupational hazards in Chinese medical institutes was lower than that of Canadian medical institutes. Conclusion: Culture differences existed in the study between two countries. Nurses' perception of occupational hazards was closely related to their background knowledge of occupational protection.Chinese nurses face severe challenges in occupational protection. Chinese hospitals should pay more attention to the occupational health education and introduce advanced concepts and guidelines to our country to enhance the nurses' awareness of occupational protection and promote the development of related policies.