不同从业系统心理咨询师和心理治疗师的理论取向

摘要

目的:调查教育、医疗和“其他”从业系统中心理咨询与治疗从业者的理论取向.方法:采用多级分层方便抽样,在中国内地6个行政区选取从事心理咨询与治疗工作的从业者1232名,包括教育、医疗和“其他”从业系统,以及经济发达、中等发达和欠发达城市.使用心理咨询与治疗从业人员现状调查问卷中的“疗法和疗效”部分,调查从业者的常用疗法和首选疗法.结果:3个系统从业者常用疗法的前3位依次为认知疗法、行为疗法和精神分析.3个系统从业者首选疗法的前3位依次为认知疗法、精神分析和认知行为疗法(CBT).其中,教育系统首选认知疗法的比例高于“其他”从业系统(47.8％vs.35.2％),医疗系统和“其他”从业系统首选精神分析的比例高于教育系统(16.6％,21.1％vs.10.0％),教育系统和医疗系统首选CBT的比例高于“其他”从业系统(11.5％,14.4％ vs.5.2％),均P ＜0.05.结论:本研究提示,3个从业系统的心理咨询与治疗从业者均更多地选择认知疗法、行为疗法、认知行为疗法、精神分析等“经典”的疗法.%Objective:To determine the psychotherapeutic orientations adopted by Chinese practitioners practice in health-care system,educational system and other departments.Methods:A nation-wide survey of a multistage convenience sampling was conducted.Totally 1232 counselors and psychologists completed a questionnaire "National Status Quo Survey on Counselors and Psychotherapists in China",and the samplings came from 6 regions of China,which contained 3 city-level according to the socioeconomic development,including health-care system,educational system and other system.Results:Cognitive therapy,behavioral therapy,and psychoanalytic model were the top 3 common used therapeutic orientations by practitioners in all the three work settings.And cognitive therapy,psychoanalytic model,and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) were the top 3 primary therapeutic orientations used by practitioners in all the three work settings.Those worked in educational system used cognitive therapy significantly more than those worked in the other departments (47.8％ vs.35.2％,P ＜0.05),those worked in healthcare system and other departments used psychoanalytic model significantly more than those in educational system (16.6％,21.1％ vs.10.0％,Ps ＜0.05),those in educational system and health-care system used CBT significantly more than their counterparts worked in other departments (11.5％,14.4％ vs.5.2％,Ps ＜ 0.05).Conclusions:It suggests that the classical psychotherapies such as cognitive therapy,behavioral therapy,psychoanalysis,and cognitive-behavioral therapy are used more in the three work settings in China.